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roark.sol1 Diamond Sponsor
Joined: 26 Jan 2003 Posts: 70
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Posted: Mon Jul 21, 2003 2:58 pmPost subject: Indian codes do not encourage economy in design |
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Hello All,
Copied below is the edited text of a posting I had made on the general discussion forum on March 17, which will be more topical in this e-Conference : *******************
1) A lot of clauses in the Indian codes in general and 1893:2002 in specific, are ambiguous and open ended which lead to multiple interpretations. I do not know, why this is so, but it is a very undesirable situation, and should be dealt with head on (in no ambiguous terms). One of the objectives of this forum is to facilitate this process, firstly by providing a platform to discusss the different views & interpretations with the aim of acheiving a convergence of the same, and secondly to form an effective pressure group to acheive the implementation of the converged views & interpretations.
2) In cases of ambiguity, the general response in most of the cases is to nterpret it towards the CONSERVATIVE side, without application of either rational & scientific thought process or effort to discuss with peers. This seems to have become an underlying definition of a structural engineer. I know that this phenomenon is due to poor economic compensation for their time & efforts, but it will ultimately lead to increasing marginalization of the structural engineer in todays fast developing world and thus increasing reduction in the compensation. If safety & conservatism is the only principle on which to operate, then we will not be needed, because our need to the society is governed by our ability to "optimize between safety & economy", and I see the current trend leading more & more towards safety leaving economy to the winds. A classic case is this topic of load combinations. If we consider the UBC 1997, we will see that all the load combinations given (clause 1612.2.1, page 2-4, vol II) are far less conservative than those given in Indian codes, and the reason being that they are far more scientifically rational & logical, and not based on an irrational fear for "lack of safety".
3) Our codes are pathetically lacking the adequacy to meet the requirements of the new millenium. They seem to have an ostrich like attitude towards computerized calculations and their ability to provide optimizations in a short time frame. Just because ALL of us in India do not have the means to have the right tools or are not ready to apply their minds & efforts, should not be a reason for a penalty to those who have the tools and are effectively using them to create a more rational & economical structural system. The present day formulations, clauses & guidelines of the Indian codes DO put such a penalty, specially in the cases of peer review & checking by government engineers. Again a classic case is the emperical formulae for time period of the building "WITHOUT infill panels" as given in IS:1893:2002 opposed to the results you get by ANY software. "WITH the panels" case may be debatable to some extent, but "WITHOUT the panels" case has no justification of being so outrightly unconservative in the year 2002.
I sincerely hope that this forum will be instrumental in addressing these issues and in finding solutions to the inadequacies we currently face.
******************** Regards
Pankaj Gupta
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roark.sol1 Diamond Sponsor
Joined: 26 Jan 2003 Posts: 70
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Posted: Mon Jul 21, 2003 5:40 pmPost subject: Indian codes do not encourage economy in design |
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Dear Alpa,
Comments on 2 of your points
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I thought the Indian load combinations are pretty much on par with those elsewhere if one takes into account the ultimate vs limit load systems of design.
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Consider UBC load case for DL+LL which is 1.2DL+1.6LL which is based upon the logic that the probability of LL exceeding the prescribed value is much higher than DL. Also a rough calculation on typical load values of 10 KN/sqm of DL & 3 KN/sqm of LL will give a combination of 16.8 KN/sqm versus 19.5 KN/sqm as per 1.5DL+1.5LL. And these values are for limit state. Using 1.5 for DL is very conservative. The British & Euro codes also use lesser factors for DL in comparison to LL.
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The requirement of empirical formulae for time period is based on 即使在IBC数以百计的原位测试和存在for that matter. ANd then don't you think building loads keep changing over the liftime of a building? Walls are knocked off or built, changing stiffness to a large degree without any thought. So it does make sense to have empirical formulae....
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That is why I said that the value for the "WITH infill panel" case may be debatable. But what is the logic for using such a conservatively high value for "WITHOUT infill panel" case, and that too in 2002, when more accurate tools are available. Using such values in 1984 was OK, but they are ostrichidal in 2002.
In general there is no limit to being conservative, and we are way tooooo conservative. How can we turn a blind eye to the fact that 99% of Indian structures built in Indian cities do not comply even by 50% of the codal design procedures even for only gravity loads, but still survive for as long. We as SEs deal in scientific methods, which is based upon experiments & observation. The Indian public in all their ignorance is continuously conducting grand experiments so we can observe, but we only FEAR and do not learn. And if one building out of millions of such buildings fail or collapse, we start patting our backs that we were right in being so conservative.
By saying this I am not advocating that codal design procedures should not be followed, but what I am saying is that the code-developers should not ignore this fact & learn from this absolutely amazing phenomenon that they are being much tooooooo conservative in their prescriptions.
Regards
Pankaj
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