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[suraj]

Fire Water Provision For Tall Buildings
1Contemplation requires to be made for including firewater tank or reservoir for structures
2Every floor should have one outlet for pressurized firewater through one of many risers
3All such risers outlets should terminate somewhere adjacent to fire hose reel location
4Firewater tank should be located below basements or somewhere adjacent to tall structures
5May be more than one tank would be required to cater for firewater demand
6It should be kept in consideration that not more than 4 or 5 floors could be susceptible to fire attack at one time
7This duration should be adequate enough for firefighting personnel to combat fire
8Tall structures may not allow adjacent locations due to various factors involved
9Below structure locations should be investigated with architect, fire officers & past mistakes
10Tall structures more than wind effect & seismic, could be dangerous from fire attack view point
11It is not feasible to have occupants vacate premises in panic
12It is dangerous to vacate using staircase that can result in accidents
13Pressurized water line can be made use of immediately, after fire break
14Control of such line pumping should be from outside building & from standby electric supply distribution boards, since main supply is disconnected during fire
15Pressurised water line could pass through structural slabs so that its static load is anchored, while running pipes concealed by architectural ducts
16烈酒坦克不应该用于饮用水分r services
17A separate pimp room should be designed for delivering sound services to combat fire
18On an integrated self contained complex, comprising many such tall structures, externally integrated fire water supply ring main should be provided all times, duly pressurized without fail, with adequate cut off in sections arrangements for maintenance purpose
19Structural & mechanical services coordination is required for all such provisions
20In case, many risers are included within building�s design, all should be interlinked so that water from one could be drawn by other one to efficiently extinguish fire

[suraj]

Loss Prevention on Buildings/Fire Suppression
1Already noted about firefighting basic provisions on buildings, which accommodate large number of occupants & are prone all times to fire attack
2Though included provisions may not be perfect keeping abreast various circumstances, but yet supportive from prevention view point
3Certain question should be asked by designer pertinent to such issues
4Promoter should also, ask self, whether or not, sole criteria is to make money out of building promotion or to help occupants live safely
5Indeed losses can toll no limits, when life of occupants is made a consideration
6Building could be made howsoever, decorative & attractive provided with all best facilities & appliances, but within minutes, death arrives should loss prevention concept is not integrated with building
7Loss prevention is mandatorily applied on industrial oil projects, where fire is susceptible all times, without any warning, but such projects are never limited on budget considerations
8Tall buildings are used as a product of sale to users/occupant, which consideration inculcates proposition by promoter to produce, deliver & make money with no worry of future safety
9Moreover, premises cannot be sealed during emergency, which application can easily be applied for areas on other projects that accommodate high value data & relevant IT rooms
10Though all occupants intend & wish to use air conditioning throughout, which provision necessitates keep premises closed for an effective conditioning
11Fire is a major element that can bring in heavy losses of material & human involved
12Within minutes, losses can occur, if no loss prevention applied/included
13Smoke detection system can be utilized for areas, which do not require use of fire based appliance
14吸烟在内部区域应该是一个前提voided, while some chambers in common areas can be allowed for smoking
15Suppression gases such as FM 200 or Inergen can be used in some significant areas that could result in heavy losses, in case of fire break out
16Such areas may not be feasible to be automatically sealed, when fire is broken out, yet, manual activation of gas may be conducted, after closing areas
17Effect of such gases is very positive, since it takes few minutes only to combat fire by reducing oxygen level within fire
18Gas comprises of nitrogen, argon & oxygen effect of which is that during fire, level of oxygen is reduced simultaneously, augmenting carbon dioxide level, which helps maintain minimum respiration level
19At least data & systems can be saved during fires by sealing area
20Foregoing method has been given for information only, since in residential buildings where large number of occupants live, practically, it may not be possible, but in non residential areas, application can be made successful
21All common circulation areas should be kept all time obstruction free by allowing no material storage, even for temporary purpose
22Where buildings are too close, to building under fire, other building also, shall be susceptible to fire, yet it would assist in evacuation of fire trapped occupant to walk in to no fire building, when links by ordinary walk ways are provided between two buildings at certain levels
23Staircase steps risers & treads should be so proportioned that during their use in emergent situation, no untoward incident occurs,
24People should not avoid using staircase just because riser is too high
25应提供紧急楼梯立管马克斯imum of 125 mm & less if possible say 100 mm, so that it can be used even by old people
26Width of stair waist should be considerable, so that occupants can walk up or down with convenience avoiding falling incidents
27Flight should not contain more than 12 risers without intermediate provisions of landings
28Though, not in practice for varied reasons, on external surfaces adjacent to emergency stairs, to facilitate downwards movement/descending, cat ladders/steps with adequate width can be provided from top floor to bottom floors at certain locations
29Such steps can immediately, assist fire trapped occupants to exit building line by breaking window stepping in to hold cat step & at least save life by reaching to non fire trapped floor

[suraj]

Emergencies-Fire & others

1. Services particularly, required for meeting emergencies can be best utilised, while serving many building same time
   
2. I already suggested that plan for making just one tall building shall not be tenable
   
3. Once many buildings are require for locating in same area, a mode of mini tall city can be designated, which require common building services
   
4. In such cases, network for such major complex can allow dedicated major network pertinent various service
   
5. Dedicated stations such as fire fighting tenders can be included as part of such complex
   
6. Various other civil amenities can be added such as substations, police stations, medical centre/s, schools & markets etc
   
7. Car ports also, multilevel can be added to cater for all such buildings & would be economical in construction as well as, operation
   
8. Such integration gives way for larger provisions of budget to head to services such as fire fighting & water supply
   
9. All such services require very expensive equipment relating to all services discipline
   
10. Water for firefighting required to be available around such buildings in ring main shall successfully support fire fighting quantities of water
    
11. It is true that all buildings, when designed duly located distant with considerable gap, shall not be susceptible to fire
    
12. Just like considered on oil plants designs that only one or two processing trains may be subject to fire, in case of tall buildings same consideration may apply
    
13. Such consideration shall reduce financial loading on all buildings, since provision of one system shall support scope within complex area
    
14. Ring main should be so networked that piping moves around complex serving all buildings with ease & allowing dedicated storage in reservoir
    
15. In case of monitoring to arrest corrosion on reinforcing bars, cathodic protection could also, be provided on all buildings in a major network to be controlled remotely from a common controls
    
16. Anodes may be provided on major & significant columns & shear walls att all levels linked with GI wire/rope around all foundations main bars & at all levels bars
    
17. Cathodic provision can assist prolonging buildings life
    
18. Calcium nitrite should also be used for piling concrete & also in foundations
    
19. In addition to BMS, other loss prevention systems such as earthing & lightening do cause an issue on buildings, which must be provided to requirements
    
20. I noted on somewhere that electric substations has been located within building on Burj, that I do not agree with
    
21. Better should it be located separately, to arrest mishap, though GIS system might have been employed on switch gears
    
22. Many services floors would be required within all tall buildings for continuous functioning to run first class systems, which add to additional design parameters to considerations